Pharmacology and Drug Reactions in Skin Disease and Care| | | | | | Side effects (SE) listed are either most common or serious | | | | | |
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ANTI-INFECTIVE MEDICATIONSAntibioticsPenicillins (PCNs)- Binds and inactivates bacterial enzymes (PCN-binding proteins) involved in peptidoglycan synthesis → inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis
- Contains β-lactam ring; drug excretion via kidneys; specific types of PCNs:
- PCNs with β-lactamase inhibitor: amoxicillin and clavulanate (Augmentin)
- Penicillinase-resistant PCNs: dicloxacillin, methicillin, oxacillin
- Spectrum: gram-positive (GP) bacteria and spirochetes
- Treats: erysipeloid, anthrax, strep/staph infections, cat/dog/human bites
- SE: morbilliform eruption, angioedema , anaphylaxis, hemolytic anemia, interstitial nephritis, acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN)
- Contraindication (CI): hypersensitivity to any β-lactam antibiotic; pregnancy category B
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