Cutaneous Manifestations of Internal Diseases

Cutaneous Manifestations of Internal Diseases is further divided into

Cutaneous Manifestations of Internal Malignancy

» List the five criteria that establish an association between a skin disease and internal malignancy.
» What is Sweet’s syndrome?
» Describe the cutaneous lesions of Sweet’s syndrome.
» Are any laboratory abnormalities found in Sweet’s syndrome?
» What cancers are associated with Sweet’s syndrome?
» Describe the clinical appearance of acanthosis nigricans.
» What clinical disease states are associated with acanthosis nigricans?
» What is necrolytic migratory erythema?
» What is hypertrichosis lanuginosa?
» What is Trousseau’s sign?
» Describe the classical skin lesions of dermatomyositis.
» Is dermatomyositis associated with internal malignancy?
» What are the three components of Sézary’s syndrome?
» What is paraneoplastic pemphigus?
» Discuss the laboratory findings in patients with paraneoplastic pemphigus.
» What is the characteristic finding in erythema gyratum repens?
» How do the lesions in Bazex syndrome (acrokeratosis paraneoplastica) progress?
» Where does Paget’s disease most commonly occur?
» Which disorder of protein metabolism is associated with skin lesions and malignancy?
» List the autosomal dominant diseases that have prominent skin findings and internal cancer.
» Describe the cutaneous features of Gardner’s syndrome.
» What are the clinical findings in Cowden’s syndrome (multiple hamartoma syndrome)?
» When do the characteristic skin lesions of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome appear?
» How does multiple mucosal neuroma syndrome typically present?
» What is Torre’s syndrome (Muir-Torre’s syndrome)?
» Is the sign of Leser-Trélat (eruptive seborrheic keratoses) associated with internal malignancy?
» Is dry scaly skin associated with internal malignancy?
» Which recessively inherited diseases have skin findings and associated internal malignancy?
» Can pyoderma gangrenosum be associated with internal malignancy?
» What is erythromelalgia?
» Can pruritus be a sign of malignancy?
» Is vasculitis associated with malignancy?
» What is multicentric reticulohistiocytosis?
» What is carcinoid syndrome? Does it have prognostic significance?
» What is FAMM syndrome?




Cutaneous Manifestations of Endocrinologic Disease

» How does endocrinologic disease cause skin disorders?
» What is necrobiosis lipoidica?
» Do all patients with necrobiosis lipoidica have diabetes?
» Is necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum common in patients with diabetes?
» Does glucose control affect necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum?
» What other skin findings are associated with insulin resistance?
» What does acanthosis nigricans look like?
» Is diabetes the only condition associated with acanthosis nigricans?
» What bacterial infections are more common in diabetic patients?
» What are the most common fungal skin infections associated with diabetes?
» Are there more dangerous fungal infections associated with diabetes?
» Why are diabetic patients in ketoacidosis especially prone to mucormycosis?
» What other skin disorders are commonly encountered in diabetic patients?
» Describe the clinical manifestation of pretibial myxedema.
» Why does treatment of Graves’ disease have no effect on pretibial myxedema?
» What are the skin manifestations of hypothyroidism?
» Why do hypothyroid patients have yellow skin?
» Why do hypothyroid patients have thickened skin?
» How does the myxedema of hypothyroidism differ from pretibial myxedema of Graves’ disease?
» Are the skin changes of hypothyroidism reversible with thyroid replacement?
» What are the skin manifestations of hyperthyroidism?
» Which hormone gives the skin a darkened or tanned appearance?
» What skin disease is associated with insulin-dependent diabetes, hypothyroidism, and Addison’s disease?
» What skin findings are associated with glucocorticoid excess or Cushing’s disease?
» Are the skin changes caused by excess glucocorticoids reversible?
» Which hormones have the greatest effect on sebaceous glands and hair?
» Are there medications and nutritional supplements that may cause acne?
» What hormonal methods are available to treat acne?
» What are xanthelasma?
» What are eruptive xanthomas?
» How do eruptive xanthomas differ from tuberous xanthomas?
» What are the cutaneous features of acromegaly?
» How does panhypopituitarism affect the skin?
» How do you diagnose endocrine disease from skin findings?




Skin Signs of Gastrointestinal Disease

» List some of the hallmark skin signs seen with diseases of the digestive tract.
» What is jaundice (icterus) and when is it apparent in the skin?
» What can a jaundice color spectrum tell me about the types of liver disease in a patient?
» List the top ten skin findings suggestive of hepatic and biliary tract disease.
» What is the most common skin symptom associated with liver disease?
» What diseases associated with intestinal bleeding may also leave clues in the skin?
» What is pyoderma gangrenosum?
» A patient presents with anemia, blood in the stool, and red macules on his lips/tongue. What diagnosis should I first consider?
» What other diagnoses should I consider when seeing a patient with macules on the lips?
» What is the best treatment for patients with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome?
» What is pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE)? How does this cause GI bleeding?
» What is Gardner’s syndrome?
» How can cancer of the gastrointestinal tract present in the skin?
» What is “malignant” acanthosis nigricans (AN)?
» What is superficial migratory thrombophlebitis (SMT)?
» How is inflammation of the fat (panniculitis) associated with pancreatic disease?
» What chronic liver disease associated with photosensitivity causes blistering and scarring of the skin?
» What chronic skin disease is associated with a gluten-sensitive enteropathy?
» How is dermatitis herpetiformis treated?
 

Cutaneous Manifestations of Renal Disease

» What types of skin changes are associated with renal disease?
» What cutaneous findings occur in renal failure?
» Do cutaneous signs of chronic renal failure resolve when the patient is treated with hemodialysis?
» What cutaneous findings are present in patients being treated with dialysis?
» Describe the nail changes in chronic renal failure.
» What is uremic frost?
» What causes the pallor of chronic renal failure?
» What causes the pigmentary changes of the skin seen in chronic renal failure?
» Is pruritus a common finding in all renal failure?
» How is the pruritus of renal failure treated?
» Are there skin changes associated with renal transplants?
» What is transepidermal elimination? What is its relationship to kidney disease?
» What are the differences between Kyrle’s disease, reactive perforating collagenosis, and perforating folliculitis?
» Describe the porphyria-like eruption of dialysis.
» What is Fabry’s disease?
» Describe the skin lesions in Fabry’s disease.
» What are the five vasculitic diseases that frequently involve both the kidneys and skin?
» How should skin biopsy be used for the diagnosis of systemic amyloidosis?
» What is nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy)?
» What are some diseases that have both skin and renal manifestations?




Cutaneous Manifestations of Aids

» How significant is the occurrence of skin disease in the setting of HIV infection?
» Outline the clinical spectrum of cutaneous disease associated with HIV infection.
» What are the most common dermatoses associated with HIV infection?
» Can mucocutaneous changes occur as a result of primary HIV infection?
» What is the most common bacterial pathogen in HIV disease? How does it manifest itself?
» What is the most common cutaneous malignancy in HIV disease?
» What are the cutaneous clinical features of epidemic Kaposi’s sarcoma?
» How is Kaposi’s sarcoma treated?
» Is the course of syphilis altered in HIV-infected individuals?
» How does syphilis increase the risk for HIV infection?
» What is oral hairy leukoplakia?
» Name the four types of oropharyngeal candidiasis that can be seen in HIV disease.
» What is HIV-associated eosinophilic folliculitis?
» Is the incidence of drug eruptions increased in HIV disease?
» Describe clinical features of molluscum contagiosum infection in the HIV-infected host.
» How is molluscum contagiosum treated?
» Is the prevalence of common and genital warts increased in HIV infection?
» What causes bacillary angiomatosis?
» How does varicella-zoster virus infection present in the HIV-positive patient?
» Do any photosensitive dermatoses occur in HIV disease?
» What is known about granuloma annulare in the setting of HIV infection?
» Describe some of the potential cutaneous side effects of antiretroviral therapy.
» What is the immune restoration syndrome?




Cutaneous Signs of Nutritional Disturbances

» When do skin abnormalities occur in association with nutritional disturbances?
» Do nutritional disturbances involve the skin exclusively?
» Which skin changes are seen with protein and calorie deprivation in adults?
» What is marasmus?
» What is kwashiorkor?
» Describe the skin findings in kwashiorkor.
» How can I remember the differences in skin findings associated with kwashiorkor and marasmus?
» Do skin abnormalities occur with fat deficiency?
» Are any skin findings associated with fat excess?
» Which water-soluble vitamin abnormalities have skin findings?
» What is beriberi?
» Name the four “Ds” of pellagra.
» Describe the dermatitis in pellagra.
» Does scurvy still exist?
» Do deficiencies of the fat-soluble vitamins occur?
» What abnormalities occur with vitamin A deficiency?
» Is vitamin A excess toxic?
» What is acrodermatitis enteropathica?
» Has the gene responsible for inherited acrodermatitis enteropathica been identified?
» How is acrodermatitis enteropathica diagnosed and treated?
» Can zinc deficiency be acquired?
» What is carotenoderma?
» Has supplementation with micronutrients or homeopathic remedies been associated with any cutaneous disorders?

 

 

 

 

 

 

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