Which atypical mycobacteria have been associated with soft tissue fillers?

In 2002 there were two cases of M. abscessus infection following the injection of soft tissue filler. Both patients were injected with Hyacell, a product not approved by the FDA but available in South America. It had been brought illegally into the United States and was administered by an individual posing as a physician. Hyacell is a mixture of hyaluronic acid, zinc, selenium, vanadium, and unspecified “embryonic extracts.” The patients developed tender nodules and were treated with resolution using clarithromycin and prednisone.

Cohen JL: Understanding, avoiding, and managing dermal filler complications, Dermatol Surg 34(Suppl 1):S92–S99, 2008.