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Nail Disorders

»What functions do nails serve?
»Why are nails important in medicine?
»Do any systemic diseases have specific nail findings?
»What are Beau’s lines? How are they formed?
»What is a splinter hemorrhage?
»Are splinter hemorrhages always associated with subacute bacterial endocarditis?
»What is the difference between Mees’ lines and Muehrcke’s lines?
»What are “half-and-half” nails, and with what internal disease are they associated?
»What is nail fold capillaroscopy? How is it useful?
»What is clubbing?
»How is hypertrophic osteoarthropathy related to clubbing?
»What is the yellow nail syndrome?
»Are there any characteristic nail changes in primarily dermatologic diseases?
»What are nail pits?
»Are there any differences between the nail pits of psoriasis and alopecia areata?
»What other nail findings are seen in psoriasis? What is the significance of nail changes?
»How does a pterygium differ from pterygium inversus unguium?
»What is the most common cause and sequela of a subungual hematoma? How is it treated?
»Do malignant melanomas occur in the nails?
»How do you tell the difference between a subungual hematoma and a malignant melanoma?
»What nail changes are considered peculiar to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection?
»What is onychocryptosis? Why does it occur?
»What is a paronychia?
»Which infectious organisms cause paronychia?
»How do you treat an acute paronychia?
»What is the most common cause of green nails?
»What is the difference between onychomycosis and tinea unguium? What organisms most commonly cause tinea unguium? Where does the infection typically start?
»List the antifungal medications most often used in the treatment of toenail onychomycosis.
»What should patients expect when undergoing treatment of onychomycosis?
»What is “habit tic” disorder? How is it different from median nail dystrophy?
»List the common benign “tumors” that occur in and around the nail unit.
»What is an exostosis?
»Name the four most common malignant tumors of the nail unit.

 
 
 

What is the most common cause and sequela of a subungual hematoma? How is it treated?


Subungual hematoma. (Courtesy of the Walter Reed Army Medical Center teaching files.)
Fig. 68.6 Subungual hematoma. (Courtesy of the Walter Reed Army Medical Center teaching files.)
By far, the most common cause is trauma to the nail bed. Most subungual hematomas are accompanied by a throbbing pain secondary to the accumulation of blood below the nail plate, which exerts pressure on the underlying bed (Fig. 68-6). An effective and simple treatment is to simply pass the tip of a heated paper clip through the nail into the hematoma. Pressure relief and lessening of pain rapidly ensue, making you an instant hero!