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Granulomatous Diseases of the Skin

»What is meant by “granulomatous diseases of the skin”?
»Explain the role of histiocytes in granulomas.
»What is the difference between an immune granuloma and a foreign body granuloma?
»List some common granulomatous diseases that affect the skin.
»Can granulomas be recognized clinically?
»How do endogenous “foreign” bodies cause granulomas?
»What are the sources of the exogenous foreign body agents?
»Do cosmetic fillers ever produce foreign body granulomas?
»Can the cause of a foreign body reaction be diagnosed histologically?
»What is sarcoidosis?
»How often is the skin involved in sarcoidosis?
»Describe the specific cutaneous findings in sarcoidosis.
»What is lupus pernio?
»Describe the nonspecific cutaneous lesions of sarcoidosis.
»Does sarcoidosis ever present in the skin without extracutaneous involvement?
»What is Löfgren’s syndrome?
»What is Heerfordt’s syndrome?
»How should cutaneous sarcoidosis be treated?
»What is the typical presentation of granuloma annulare?
»Do any systemic associations occur with granuloma annulare?
»What is the typical course of granuloma annulare?
»How is granuloma annulare treated?
»What is actinic granuloma?
»Are rheumatoid nodules really a granulomatous disorder?
»Where do rheumatoid nodules typically occur?
»What causes rheumatoid nodules?
»What is accelerated nodulosis?
»Are rheumatoid nodules specific for rheumatoid arthritis?
»Do patients with lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei have lupus erythematosus?

 
 
 

What is actinic granuloma?


Actinic granuloma demonstrating large annular lesion on sun-exposed skin.
Fig. 13.7 Actinic granuloma demonstrating large annular lesion on sun-exposed skin.
Actinic granuloma, also called annular elastolytic giant cell granuloma, is a granulomatous process that tends to occur in older patients on sun-exposed skin of the face, arms, and neck. Clinically, the lesions are annular and resemble GA, although some cases demonstrate subtle atrophy in the center of the lesion (Fig. 13-7). Histologically, it is also similar to GA in that it demonstrates necrobiotic granulomas, but it differs in that it is usually more superficial, demonstrates more foreign body giant cells and prominent elastophagocytosis (macrophages engulfing and breaking down elastic fibers), and mucin is not increased. Some authorities consider it to be a variant of GA but the majority favors it being a disease sui generis. The treatment is the same as for GA but should also include sun protection.

Stein JA, Fangman B, Strober B: Actinic granuloma, Dermatol Online J 13:19, 2007.