Discuss the fungal infections seen in organ transplant recipients.

Organ transplant recipients are at increased risk of localized and disseminated disease from dermatophytes, yeast (candidiasis, Malassezia, cryptococcosis, Trichosporon), dimorphic organisms, and nondermatophyte molds (aspergillosis, fusariosis, mucormycosis). Skin manifestations due to Candida spp., Aspergillus spp., dematiaceous fungi, and Pityrosporum typically occur shortly after transplantation. Cryptococcosis occurs 6 months or later after transplantation, and the endemic dimorphic fungi can cause disease any time following transplantation. Emerging mold pathogens in the transplant patients have included Aspergillus fumigatus species, Fusarium, Scedosporium, and Zygomycetes.

Virgili A, Zampino MR, Mantovani L: Fungal skin infections in organ transplant recipients, Am J Clin Dermatol 3:19–35, 2002.

Wingard JR: The changing face of invasive fungal infections in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients, Curr Opin Oncol 17:89–92, 2005.